Why mental models work (and how to create them)

Life throws complexity at us every day. Mental models simplify it. They’re the tools we use to make sense of the world, spot patterns, and make smarter decisions. 

They work because they provide structure—a proven framework to navigate uncertainty without starting from scratch every time.

Think of mental models as shortcuts for better thinking. Instead of guessing your way through a challenge, you have a toolbox. The Ansoff Matrix? Great for figuring out growth options. SWOT Analysis? Perfect for pinpointing strengths and weaknesses. Porter’s 5 Forces? A must for understanding competition.

Lesser-known models include: Hanlon’s Razor, which reminds us to never attribute to malice that which can be explained by incompetence or ignorance. Occam’s Razor – tell us the simplest explanation is usually the best. Second-Order Thinking – nudges us consider the long-term consequences and ripple effects of actions. 

Before you next jump into something complex, first look to find a mental model that could help fast track your understanding. Easiest way to do this is to ask your Gen AI tool to provide a list of mental models that relate to the situation you are facing and see if one fits. 

If you can't find one, building your own models is easier than it sounds. Start with the basics: what matters most in this situation? Combine a few key factors to create a grid to uncover patterns or make distinctions. The best models cut through the noise and give you clarity to make decisions.

Why does this matter? Because clarity leads to action, and action beats paralysis. 

Mental models don’t just make you sharper—they make you faster, calmer, and more adaptable.

And in a world that’s constantly changing, adaptability is the ultimate advantage.